This content on parallelism and poetry in the Bible is from the Believerâs Bible Commentary.
WHAT IS PARALLELISM?
Bible poetryâs greatest technique is not to rhyme sounds, as in much English poetry, but to ârhymeâ ideasâthat is, to put two or more lines together that somehow match each other. We should be grateful to God that this is the mainstay of biblical poetry because it translates nicely into nearly all languages and not too much beauty is lost in the translation process. Our Lord Himself also frequently spoke in parallelism. (Carefully reread, e.g., Matthew 5â7 and John 13â17 after studying the following notes.)
We would like to present some examples of the main types of Hebrew parallelism so that you can look for similar structures, not only while studying the OT with the help of the Believerâs Bible Commentary, but also while having daily devotions and listening to sermons.
1. SYNONYMOUS PARALLELISM
As the name implies, this type has the second or parallel line saying about the same thing as the firstâfor emphasis. Proverbs is especially full of these: âIn the way of righteousness is life, and in its pathway there is no deathâ (Prov. 12:28).
âI am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valleysâ (Song 2:1).
2. ANTITHETIC PARALLELISM
This type puts two lines âagainstâ each other that form a contrast:
âFor the LORD knows the way of the righteous, but the way of the ungodly shall perishâ (Ps. 1:6)
âHatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sinsâ (Prov. 10:12)
3. FORMAL PARALLELISM
This type is parallel in form only; the two (or more) lines donât contrast, expand, or emphasize. It is just two lines of poetry put together to express a thought or theme:
âYet I have set My King on my holy hill of Zionâ (Ps. 2:6)
4. SYNTHETIC PARALLELISM
The second line of poetry builds up (synthesis is Greek for âputting togetherâ) the thought in the first line:
âThe LORD is my shepherd; I shall not wantâ (Ps. 23:1)
âKeep your heart with all diligence, for out of it spring the issues of lifeâ (Prov. 4:23)
5. EMBLEMATIC PARALLELISM
A figure of speech in the first line of poetry illustrates the content of the second line: âAs the deer pants for the water brooks, so pants my soul for You, O Godâ (Ps. 42:1)
âAs a ring of gold in a swineâs snout, so is a lovely woman who lacks discretionâ (Prov. 11:22)
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Believerâs Bible Commentary